Archive edition for 2026-11-09. Researched and published on 2026-11-11 using information available by the archive date.
Every bar compares an October with the same October baseline. This keeps the seasonal reference consistent: the chart does not compare October with the average temperature across all months. October 2022 is the warmest observation in the displayed period.
The values are European land-area temperature anomalies from the Copernicus ERA5 dataset, rounded to two decimal places. An anomaly describes the difference from a reference average, not an absolute temperature. It also does not imply that every country or location experienced the same departure.